Yahoo Finance Marriott International Inc (New) (MAR) Q1 2019 Earnings Call Transcript
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Marriott International Inc (New) (NASDAQ: MAR)
Q1 2019 Earnings Call
May. 10, 2019, 1:00 p.m. ET
Contents:
Prepared Remarks
Questions and Answers
Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Good afternoon and welcome to Marriott International First Quarter 2019 Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants have been placed in a listen-only mode. After today's prepared remarks, there will be a question-and-answer session (Operator Instructions).
I would now like to turn the call over to Arne Sorenson, President and Chief Executive Officer. Please go ahead, sir.
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Good afternoon, everyone. Welcome to our First Quarter 2019 Earnings Conference Call. Joining me today are Leeny Oberg, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer; Laura Paugh, Senior Vice President of Investor Relations; and Betsy Dahm, Senior Director, Investor Relations.
First, let me remind everyone that many of our comments today are not historical facts and are considered forward-looking statements under Federal securities laws. These statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties as described in our SEC filings, which could cause future results to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by our comments. Forward-looking statements in the press release that we issued earlier today along with our comments are effective only today May 10, 2019 and will not be updated as actual events unfold.
In our discussion today, we will talk about results excluding merger-related costs and reimbursement revenues and related expenses. GAAP results appear on Page A1 of the earnings release, but our remarks today will largely refer to the adjusted results that appear on the non-GAAP reconciliation pages. Of course, you could find our earnings release and reconciliations of all non-GAAP financial measures referred to in our remarks also on our website.
Before proceeding to talk about our results. Let me take a minute to talk about the announcement we made last week about my cancer diagnosis. As we mentioned, I have Stage II pancreatic cancer. Thankfully the medical team at Johns Hopkins has seen this many times before. They believe we have caught it early, that it is operable and that the course of treatment is proven. I'm grateful for all the messages of support from the investment community as well as from Marriott's community of associates and business partners around the world. With the support of an extraordinary strong team of Marriott executives, we are going to soldier on.
Now, last month, we opened our 7,000th property, the 27-storey St. Regis Hong Kong. After opening this landmark hotel, our development pipeline at quarter-end totaled roughly 475,000 rooms, compared to 463,000 rooms at the end of the first quarter 2018. Gross room openings totaled nearly 19,000 rooms in the first quarter compared to 15,000 rooms in the year-ago quarter. Net room openings were almost double from the number from the prior year. Almost 216,000 rooms in our pipeline or 45% are already under construction, largest number of under construction rooms in our industry. At our current pace of openings, our under-construction pipeline represents the equivalent of 2.5 years of embedded gross rooms growth. The remainder of our pipeline represents another 2.5 years of growth.
Our legacy Starwood brands account for roughly 30% of our development pipeline, among our 17 luxury and upper upscale brands, the rooms pipeline for the Sheraton brand is second only in size to the Marriott brand. In the first quarter of 2019, we opened four new Sheraton Hotels and signed three new Sheraton deals, including the new built 250-room Sheraton Hotel in Bradenton, Florida. More than a quarter of Sheraton's existing portfolio is under or has committed to renovation.
Our limited service brands are growing rapidly. Globally, our limited service pipeline, largely upscale brands, include more than 285,000 rooms, nearly 2.5 times the number of pipeline rooms in those brands five years ago. Outside North America, our limited service pipeline is now nearly 3.5 times its size in 2014. We are growing these brands in markets around the world with a variety of approaches, from modular construction to urban high rises to multi-brand hotel complexes. We are developing new prototype designs for Fairfield Inn and TownePlace Suites to better suit smaller markets, and we continue to add development talent to make these deals happen, because the growth opportunity is meaningful.
We see evidence that owners and franchisees prefer our brands. According to STR, more than one in three rooms that are under construction in the US today will fly one of our flags and while our existing distribution globally is more modest, still one in five hotel under construction globally will be flagged with Marriott brand. We continue to expect to see net rooms growth totaling approximately 5.5% in 2019 with room deletions of about 1% to 1.5%. We deleted 3,000 rooms in the first quarter of 2019.
I visited several markets in China in late March. The big news there is Marriott Bonvoy and Alibaba. Less than two years ago, we formed a new joint venture with Alibaba to improve service and sales for Chinese guest. In the first quarter of 2019, property revenue from our newly designed Alibaba channel more than tripled year-over-year, while the level of Marriott Bonvoy enrolments in China doubled over the prior year quarter. We are excited to welcome these new members to our hotels around the world.
Marriott Bonvoy offers guests the largest and most compelling collection of hotels and experiences. At the end of the first quarter, membership at Marriott Bonvoy reached nearly 130 million worldwide, up roughly 5 million from year-end 2018. Approximately 40% of the new signups came from China. Worldwide loyalty redemption revenue at our hotels rose at a double-digit rate in the first quarter. We recently announced our home rental initiative. In a survey we conducted in 2018, we found that over one quarter of our loyalty program members, who responded had used home rentals in the prior years.
During our home rental pilot in 2018, which was available in a few European cities, nearly 90% of our guests who are Marriott Bonvoy members and over 80% are traveling for leisure. The average length of stay in our pilot was more than triple that for the hotel -- typical hotel guest. With the successful European pilot, we decided to launch Homes and Villas by Marriott International, offering guests access to a growing number of premium and luxury homes and villas in over 100 destinations across the US, Europe, the Caribbean and Latin America.
Our commitment to providing travelers with full residences, including kitchens and other amenities guided our selection of homes. Our desire to complement our core hotel offerings similarly influenced our selection of markets. We will work with select property management companies who are already managing these homes. And estimate roughly 40% of these markets we are launching in are new to Marriott. We believe our highly curated home rental product fully integrated into our loyalty program for earning and redeeming points, really enhance Marriott Bonvoy member travel experiences and increase the value of our loyalty program.
Home rental should enable our loyalty members to stay with Marriott throughout any travel experience, allow us to leverage our strong brands and expertise in an evolving competitive landscape and ultimately drive a greater share of wallet for our portfolio. In April, we signed a new multi-year agreement with Expedia, which should enhance our leisure packaging platform Vacations by Marriott and leverage Expedia's technology for a new business opportunity to be launched in the fourth quarter of 2019. With the changes in the agreement, we expect our owners and franchisees will see improved overall economics from the relationship.
In the first quarter, worldwide house profit for comparable Company operated hotels increased an impressive 1.6%. While the integration is largely complete, our hotels continue to benefit from synergies associated with the Starwood merger. On the revenue side, we reduced discounting at legacy Starwood Hotels in the first quarter and across our system, increased the proportion of bookings coming from our digital channels.
Direct digital revenue bookings at our hotels globally increased over 20% in the quarter and now represent over 30% of room nights. Revenues booked on our mobile app increased more than 70% year-over-year, while our revenues booked on OTAs worldwide declined 4%. Yielding OTA business helped hotel profitability even as it likely depressed our first quarter RevPAR growth by a few tenths of a percentage point. Our global RevPAR index rose 1 basis points in the quarter.
Let's talk briefly about the regions. Systemwide constant dollar RevPAR in our Asia-Pacific region increased 3% in the quarter. RevPAR growth was strong in India, Japan, Indonesia and in the major markets in Greater China, but was somewhat offset by weaker results in South Korea, Thailand and the Hainan Island market in China. In the second quarter, we expect mid-single digit RevPAR growth in the region with fewer headwinds from South Korea and Hainan Island. Future RevPAR performance will depend somewhat on the economic impact of ongoing US-China trade negotiations, particularly in markets that rely on manufacturing.
While we await the outcome of those negotiations, our forecast assumes Asia-Pacific RevPAR will increase at a mid-single digit rate for the full year 2019. In the Middle East and Africa, systemwide constant dollar RevPAR declined 4% year-over-year. RevPAR growth in the UAE declined 8% on flat demand, because supply growth in Dubai increased by 11%. At the same time, RevPAR in Cairo and the Red Sea resorts rose sharply on strong Eastern European demand. For the second quarter, we expect EMEA RevPAR will again decline albeit less significantly than in the first quarter, significant supply growth in Dubai is likely to persist but we should see stronger demand in the holy cities in Saudi Arabia.
Ramadan started May 6, 10 days earlier than last year, which should push some business travel in the region from second quarter to later in the year. For the full year, we expect RevPAR will decline at a low single-digit growth in the EMEA region.
In Europe, systemwide constant dollar RevPAR rose 2% in the first quarter. US travel to many markets in Europe was strong with considerable numbers of loyalty redemptions. RevPAR in London increased by 4% year-over-year. At the same time, Brexit uncertainty kept many UK travelers at home constraining growth in many warm weather European destinations. Travelers avoided Center City Paris due to the continued yellow vest demonstrations, with the Biennale in Venice beginning this month and strong US demand expected to continue in most markets. We believe RevPAR in Europe will increase at a mid-single digit rate in the second quarter and for the full year.
In the Caribbean and Latin America regions, systemwide constant dollar RevPAR increased nearly 4% in the quarter. In the Caribbean, RevPAR rose 8% on strong demand as several US airlines increased lift to the islands. RevPAR growth in Brazil was very strong on record demand during Carnival in Rio de Janeiro, while continued travel warnings took RevPAR in Mexico down 3%. Looking ahead, we expect RevPAR growth in CALA will moderate a bit, increasing at a low single-digit rate in the second quarter and full year as competitor hotels reopened in the Caribbean.
Systemwide RevPAR North America rose nearly 1% in the first quarter. RevPAR was constrained by the partial federal government shutdown in January, tough comparisons to hurricane recovery in Florida and Houston and the lingering impact from the fourth quarter labor strike in Hawaii. Excluding these factors, we estimate our systemwide RevPAR growth would have been roughly 70 basis points better than the reported number. Our RevPAR index in the US increased nearly 100 basis points in the first quarter.
Group RevPAR across North America increased 3% on strong citywide demand in Atlanta, in San Francisco and the favorable impact of the timing of Easter. While Easter timing will present a headwind for group business in the second quarter, the negative hurricane and government shutdown impact should be behind us. Our group revenue booking pace for the full year 2019 is flat, new bookings for 2019 increased in the first quarter and surged in April. So we expect group RevPAR will be higher for the year.
First quarter transient RevPAR from our largest 300 corporate accounts in North America rose 3%, but overall transient RevPAR was flattish in the first quarter, largely due to weak demand in March. Given this, we expect North American REVPAR will increase by 1% to 2% in the second quarter and 1% to 3% for the full year. Marriott is a dynamic company, we created a powerful lodging portfolio, managing and franchising across the highest value tiers. With the Starwood acquisition, we recognized that we are in a unique position to truly delight sophisticated frequent travelers with an unparalleled loyalty program and a wide range of travel experiences. The more our guests are engaged in our loyalty program, the more profitable business opportunities we can pursue even outside the traditional lodging space, such as credit card and residential branding. This year we expect to earn $440 million to $450 million in credit card and residential branding fees. Incidentally, credit card sign ups rose 20% in the first quarter year-over-year. In addition to unit additions and RevPAR growth, such opportunities should drive higher returns to our shareholders, even as we retain our asset-light approach to business.
Before turning the call over to Leeny Oberg, let me take a moment to recognize our extraordinary Investor Relations leader, Laura Paugh. We announced this morning that Laura will retire from Marriott at year end. Laura Paugh is nearly 40 years at Marriott, have literally included our entire history of modern day Investor Relations. When she began Marriott like many other companies, did not even do quarterly earnings calls, such as this one. She has not only built this discipline for us, she has been recognized by you as one of the best Investor Relations professionals in the entire public company universe. Not just the hospitality space. She has been a partner, a mentor, and a friend to me for over 20 years of involvement in Investor Relations. All of us are grateful for her service and expertise. Thank you, Laura.
Now for some more thoughts about first quarter performance and our outlook, let me turn things over to Leeny.
Kathleen Oberg -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
Thank you, Arne. I too would like to express my deep appreciation for Laura's countless contributions and dedication to our Company. Her strategic insights and determination to get the right answers have no doubt contributed meaningfully to our shareholder value over the years. Well, I will personally miss her a great deal, I know you will all join me in wishing her a very happy retirement and celebrating her accomplishments during the rest of this year.
Now, onto the results. For the first quarter of 2019, adjusted diluted earnings per share totaled a $1.41 compared to $1.34 in the year ago quarter. This was $0.08 over the midpoint of our guidance of $1.30 to $1.35, largely due to better than expected windfall tax benefit and other favorable discrete items on the tax line. Recall that in the prior year quarter, adjusted EPS included $0.11 from gains on hotel sales. Gross fee revenues totaled $895 million or 6% increase year-over-year, largely due to unit growth and higher incentive fees and credit card branding fees. Incentive fees increased 5% with good margin performance and strength at our Florida and California resorts during their strong season. Credit card fees alone totaled $93 million, up 8% while other non-property fees totaled $39 million.
With the stronger US dollar, first quarter fee revenue reflected nearly $7 million of year-over-year unfavorable impact from foreign exchange net of hedges. Owned, leased and other revenue, net of expenses totaled $50 million in the first quarter, a $20 million decline from the prior year due to $21 million of lower termination fees. General and administrative expenses totaled $222 million, compared to $247 million in the prior year quarter. G&A in the first quarter of 2018 included a $35 million expense for the supplementary retirement savings plan contribution.
First quarter adjusted EBITDA rose 7% year-over-year to $821 million, consistent with our 6% to 10% growth guidance. While not included in adjusted EBITDA, expenses associated with last year's data security incident totaled $44 million in the first quarter, netted against $46 million of insurance recoveries.
We expect gross fee revenue for the second quarter will total $990 million to $1.01 billion, a 4% to 6% increase over the prior year. Our second quarter fee revenue estimate assumes higher credit card branding fees, but modestly lower incentive fees due to property renovations and unfavorable foreign exchange. We expect owned, leased and other revenue, net of direct expenses will total roughly $80 million in the second quarter, while G&A should be $225 million to $230 million. Our guidance assumes no further asset sales in 2019 beyond those that have already been completed. These assumptions yield $1.52 to $1.58 diluted earnings per share for the second quarter. Recall that the second quarter last year included $0.26 in gains from the sale of hotels. Adjusted EBITDA in the second quarter should total $940 million to $965 million, flat to up 3% over the prior year.
For the full year 2019, we believe gross fee revenue could increase 6% to 8% over the prior year with about $15 million over our last guidance due to stronger expected incentive fees. We believe incentive fees will increase at a mid-single digit rate for the year and continue to expect our credit card and residential branding fees will total $440 million to $450 million in 2019. Last year, our gross fees were constrained by strikes in several markets in the fourth quarter. Owned, leased and other revenue, net of direct expense should total roughly $285 million to $295 million for the year, a roughly $40 million decline year-over-year. Termination fees totaled $69 million in 2018, and we expect such fees will $25 million to $30 million in 2019, a bit improved from our prior forecast for this year.
Results from our Marriott homes and villas business will be included in the owned, leased and other line, and are expected to be immaterial. G&A should total $920 million to $930 million for 2019, about $10 million higher than our last estimate due to higher bad debt expense and admin spending., These assumptions yield $5.97 to $6.19 diluted earnings per share for 2019. Recall that the prior year included $0.65 in gains from the sale of owned and joint venture assets.
Adjusted EBITDA should total $3.615 billion to $3.715 billion, 47% over 2018 adjusted EBITDA and estimate that is unchanged from last quarter. As we discussed last quarter, our 2019 guidance does not include merger-related costs and the timing impact of reimbursed revenues and expenses.
Investment spending for the year could total $600 million to $800 million, including roughly $225 million of maintenance spending. The remainder includes capital expenditures, loan advances, equity investments and contract investments. Roughly a quarter of our total investment spending relates to systems initiatives that should be reimbursed over time. We repurchased nearly 8 million shares from January 1 through May 8 for nearly $1.2 billion and continue to expect to return at least $3 billion to shareholders through share repurchases and dividends in 2019. This assumes no further asset sales during the year.
Our balance sheet remains in great shape. At March 31, our debt ratio was within our targeted credit standard of 3 times to 3.5 times adjusted debt-to-EBITDAR. We have modeled our 2019 income statement and cash flow forecast at a 3.3 times target.
Now, Laura would like to add a few remarks.
Laura E. Paugh -- Senior Vice President of Investor Relations
Thanks, Leeny, and thanks for all the kind things both you and Arne have said. I have to say that the best part of my job at Investor Relations at Marriott is working with some very talented colleagues. IR is a team effort, not only including the gifted Betsy Dahm and Laura Pearce, but many, many people throughout the organization, including the broad senior management team. When we talk about the collaborative nature of Marriott culture, it is not a story. We have a very good time in IR, as I think you can tell, we laugh a lot. We love working with Arne and Leeny, they are just the smart forthcoming and engaged as they seen. The other best part of my job in IR is working with all of you. I'm always -- someone's here -- I'm always happiest when the phone rings and you want to talk about Marriott, our competitors, the OTAs, the economy or your summer vacations. And many years I've done IR, I've seen the market move from unreasonable exuberance to irrational despair and back, I know you face meaningful pressure to deliver results, and I hope I have helped to you as you evaluated the Company.
I'll be here through the end of the year and look forward to seeing many of you in person at conferences and meetings in the next few months.
So, let me answer your questions. So we can speak to as many of you as possible, we ask that you limit yourself to one question and one follow-up as if that's possible. We will take your questions now.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Our first question comes from the line of David Katz of Jefferies.
David Katz -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Hi, afternoon, everyone.
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Hey, David.
Kathleen Oberg -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
Good afternoon.
David Katz -- Jefferies -- Analyst
I have to admit, I had probably four or five questions in my head and I'm struggling to remember any of them, I just wanted to wish all of you the best. But what I did want to talk about is we've started to get into a range where just industrywide, some of the metrics have started to be a bit choppy and yet the cash generation remains powerfully strong. If we were to paint a scenario, and I don't think you got quite this, Draconian at your analyst meeting, but if we were to start to talk about RevPAR that was down, call it 2% to 5%, have you sort of penciled out what the cash would look like and how your decision process would be altered under those kinds of circumstances and I'm again not calling or wishing for it, just thinking out loud?
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, I think, maybe we can jump in here. I think the best place for you to refer in terms of the financial model is to what we shared with you at the Investor Relations meeting and you can do some of your own calibration of that and make some assumptions and probably be fairly close. We don't have a model other than that one that we shared with you then.
And I guess I'd just say thematically that, while March was a disappointing month in many respects, it is to us not a harbinger of a predictably different environment and the one that we've been going through the last few quarters, sort of thematically today, I think we would say it's steady as she goes for the next few quarters, we continue to see that when we adjust for hurricanes and strikes and holidays and the like that were spoken along broadly between -- broadly around 1.5% sort of RevPAR growth, we might have been at (inaudible) to two shy of that in the first quarter 2019, but there is some good news too. We talked about good April bookings for example in group, a very strong performance for us for the month.
And so while you should do whatever modeling, you think is appropriate and make whatever forecast, you think is appropriate. I think our caution to all of us would be let's just expect for now that we're going to keep going in sort of the pace we've been going in the last few quarters.
Kathleen Oberg -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
The only thing I'll add David, is -- and we did do a model that actually did assume a 5% decline in RevPAR as part of what we talked about at Security Analyst Meeting. And I'll point out a couple of things, one, we're obviously far less dependent on your classic North American incentive fees. When you look at both our growth internationally as well as the credit card fees. And then second of all, I'll talk that -- even in the great recession, we ended up with the lowest year being 3% growth in net rooms. And so when you continue to see that steady strong rooms growth and a clearly less volatile franchise and management fee stream, I think it bodes well for really strong cash generation if we were looking at a recession.
David Katz -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Great. And my one follow-up literally is, you made reference to bad debt expense, which I just looking back quickly, I'm not sure that we've seen that in some of the prior quarters, what's in there?
Kathleen Oberg -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
For sure, that's part of G&A and that's obviously when you end up with let's say a terminated hotel, but as part of what happens, you end up not getting all of your reimbursed cost back. It is in the G&A line, it can be a little bit lumpy. It's a really small number, but then obviously as we've said, this year for our G&A as part of the increase in the overall G&A that we forecast for the Company, about $5 million of that is from bad debt, that's related to a few international hotel situations in Middle East, Africa and Asia-Pacific that I think the easiest way to describe is one-off situation. But as you might imagine, the bad debt number for the Company overall is way immaterial.
David Katz -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Understood. Thank you. And again, all the best.
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Kathleen Oberg -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from Shaun Kelley of Bank of America.
Shaun Kelley -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst
Hi, good afternoon, everyone. I'd like to, yes. say my best wishes to you Arne on a speedy recovery and congratulations to Laura on what's been an incredible career. So my question will be on just going over to the RevPAR performance that you saw in the quarter, I think as we look through the metrics that you provide, the numbers that stand out to us, where we look through the legacy-Starwood brands, I think most of those at least on the full service side seem to underperform, some of the chain scale averages and some of the performance that we saw in the Marriott legacy brands.
I know these numbers bounce around and we're always wants to pick it little patterns. But could you just elaborate a little bit on that and I think, Arne, in your prepared remarks you may have mentioned something about reduction of discounting, so did that drive some of that RevPAR performance or what should we expect going forward as you continue your integration path?
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, I think there are a few different factors that are going into this, but it's a perfectly fair question. One of the things, I think we start with here is geographic distribution. So if you look at Smith Travel industrywide numbers for Q1, you see a 4 point difference in RevPAR performance between the Top 25 markets and all others. Top 25 markets in the US, according to Smith Travel were down roughly 1%, 1 full percent (ph) in RevPAR. The other markets were up 3%, So you've got 4 point difference in RevPAR performance between those markets, obviously, that's industry as a whole that's not Marriott's portfolio uniquely.
And I think when you look at Marriott in its entirety compared to some others in the industry or when you look at some of the Starwood brands compared to some of the Marriott brands, I think you will find that we are much more concentrated in the Top 25 markets and that is inevitably part of this. When we look at Marriott brands legacy versus Starwood brands legacy, we can see a couple of other things that are happening. One is the strike carryover in Hawaii, particularly where our bookings are a little bit longer window. First quarter was continued to have some strike impact even though the strikes were done that is disproportionately impacting the Starwood Hotels.
I think the second would be around OTAs and we called out in the prepared remarks that OTA business is down 4% for the combined portfolio in Q1. Interestingly the Starwood Hotels were about 10 points more reliant on OTAs in this than the Marriott Hotels were. And as we've gone to one reservation system in one sort of unified revenue management strategy, the shift, if you will from Reliance and those third-party OTAs to internal digital channels probably cost a little bit, we thought it's maybe a few tenths of a point for the portfolio as a whole, the impact there is probably a bit more disproportionate on the Starwood Hotels.
And then there are some changes on other discounting. Starwood and deeper discount packaging that Marriott did not have, that's probably had an impact in it, but you roll all those things together, those are probably the principal drivers of the difference in the averages beneath of course, the portfolio as a whole. You're going to have individual stories with individual assets.
Shaun Kelley -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst
And I guess the -- my quick follow-up would then be just any changes you guys think about the broader integration process and I know when the deal was originally contemplated, I think there were some down the road revenue synergy opportunities that you are probably envisioning, just kind of how you think about those in the context of what you're actually able to deliver right now?
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, I think the time is right for that, I mean, we've got the combined loyalty program launched, it is in market and being marketed. We've got strong credit card sign ups. We've got strong share of wallet growth. I think there's a lot we can look at now to be optimistic about the future and I think it's time to deliver the revenue upside.
Shaun Kelley -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst
Thank you very much.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Jared Shojaian of Wolfe Research.
Jared Shojaian -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
Hi, everybody. Thanks for taking my question. jjust to stick with the same line of questioning, I mean you called out RevPAR index being up a 100 basis points and we saw a pretty sizable increases from your peers as well. So I guess is the conclusion that the independents are just meaningfully losing RevPAR share right now? And then on that idea, how do you think about the value proposition of branding today versus in the past, I guess, presumably, there's more value for our owners today than there's really ever been, and does that give you the ability to push royalty rates a little bit harder?
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
I mean, obviously you won't hear us speak unbiased about the value of branding. We think we deliver extraordinary value to our owner and franchisee partners by plugging them into a system with the loyalty program in a very efficient reservation system that delivers substantial business to them at meaningfully less cost then would be the case otherwise. But I don't think you need to take our word for, if you look at what's happening with the development pipeline and we've talked about some of those statistics that we're about 7% of the global industry today with something like 20% of the hotels under construction heading toward our brands. So you can see investors, owners of real estate moving with their fee, because I think they see the strength of that.
I think the other thing to remind everybody, and we don't want to get defensive sounding and we don't want to get too technical on RevPAR index. Our RevPAR index is a really important tool, particularly when you're looking at an individual hotel and how it's performing and its competitive set, but it is not the only measure that is out there to assess how portfolios are performing. In the wake of acquiring Starwood, we have found that many of our competitive sets include many of our own hotels, because there will be concentration, particularly in some of these urban markets where we've got significant number of full-service hotels, and so we're measuring our performance against our own hotels, not exclusively, because we've got to have some others that are in there.
And similarly, we are seen to some extent others who are competing in markets that we don't exist in. And so if you think about the secondary or some of the tertiary markets, our brands are not broadly distributed in those markets. And as a consequence, we don't have the impact maybe of newly ramping hotels in those markets or of competition maybe against some of the relatively weaker brands. All things put together, we are actually gratified in the midst of a massive integration that in the midst of all of that we still managed to take about a 100 basis points index growth both in the United States and globally in the first quarter of '19.
Jared Shojaian -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
Great, thank you. And just on the pipeline is down quarter-over-quarter for the first time in several years, I know we shouldn't read too much into one quarter's worth of pipeline data. But I think the pipeline last year and so far this year is growing quite a bit slower than your 7% gross unit growth. So can you talk about that and maybe what you're hearing from developers right now?
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
I don't think we very modest, I think we calculated 0.8% decline in the pipeline from quarter end Q4 is a trend. We opened well in the first quarter. Always at the end of the year, we probably have a little bit more culling of the pipeline than we do at other times, and typically Q1 will be the slowest signings quarter, part of that is because you've got to go through a reauthorization of the franchise circulars in most states. All those things combined led to that modest negative in Q1. And we don't think, we're necessarily see that in the quarters ahead. But having said that, we are -- we've said now for at least a couple of years that sort of steady state organic growth particularly in the United States is flattish. We are -- I think continuing to take share, maybe even building a little bit momentum of momentum, but in the ninth or tenth year where recovery with cost increases in construction and labor and length of the construction cycle, even though financing is high and the absolute returns are quite good, I don't expect we'll see a meaningful ramp up, for example, in development in the US, I think instead we will be sort of poking along at flat levels -- substantial but flat levels. And growth quarter-over-quarter or year-over-year is going to depend a lot on what happens in the rest of the world.
Jared Shojaian -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
All right, thank you. And Laura, congratulations to you, well deserved, and, Arne my best wishes to you for a quick recovery.
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Laura E. Paugh -- Senior Vice President of Investor Relations
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Joe Greff of JPMorgan .
Joseph Greff -- JPMorgan Chase & Co. -- Analyst
Good morning, but (inaudible) conference call. Good afternoon.
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Okay. (Multiple Speakers)
Joseph Greff -- JPMorgan Chase & Co. -- Analyst
I guess 1:00 pm is better than 4:30 pm on a Friday. More specially, Arne, we wish you the best heartfelt and Laura, congratulations. We will definitely miss you.
Laura E. Paugh -- Senior Vice President of Investor Relations
Thank you.
Joseph Greff -- JPMorgan Chase & Co. -- Analyst
My question, most of my questions have been answered, but the one question I have is regarding the development pipeline, what percentage of the pipeline is North America or US Top 25 markets, full service? And what percentage of that would be financed or under construction?
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
We will have to go back to you on this, I think, about 40% of the global pipeline is luxury and upper upscale. So it's a pretty healthy mix, which is in the higher segment. I am certain that the percentage in the US only, which is luxury and upper upscale is meaningfully lower than and that US may skew toward. For us, upscale principally not upper mid-scale, we don't really have the upper mid-scale space. Am I close...
Kathleen Oberg -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
In the pipeline, when we're looking at the full-service pipeline, it's about 10% of overall 475,000 of the global pipeline. Of the North America pipeline, it's about 20%.
Joseph Greff -- JPMorgan Chase & Co. -- Analyst
Thank you so much.
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
And I don't think we can give you the Top 25 versus other markets with the information we've got here.
Kathleen Oberg -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
Obviously, full-service.
Joseph Greff -- JPMorgan Chase & Co. -- Analyst
Thanks, you.
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Okay, thanks.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of David Beckel of Bernstein.
David Beckel -- Sanford C. Bernstein & Co. -- Analyst
Thanks a lot for the question. I'd also like to echo the sentiments or well-wishes, Arne, and congrats, Laura on a tremendous career. My question -- my first question has to do with RevPAR cadence, given Q1 results, Q2 guidance, of course there is some timing issues, but back half implies, sort of a pretty healthy acceleration, particularly in the US, you talked a little bit about group strength giving you some confidence that will materialize, but there -- are there any other one-time items to be aware of there with respect to the calendar? And more generally, what gives you the confidence that demand in RevPAR will sort of seemingly reaccelerate through the back half of the year?
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
I think is one thing we can be probably annually blamed for, I suppose, and that is we often keep our range of full 2 points. And so obviously, we started the year 1 to 3, we're still at 1 to 3 after the first quarter. And if we were actually comparably precise in each quarter as the year went along, we would narrow that range more and more, because the more quarters put in the book, the less likely, it is that you're either going to hit the bottom or the top end of that. And I think that could be said here too, but maybe they get to the opposite fundamental point, our internal, I guess, if you were to take it sort of single point RevPAR forecast is essentially right in the middle of that range.
And so that tells you that basically when we're looking at trends in bookings and group bookings and year-over-year comparability issues, the most obvious in the fourth quarter, of course, being the strikes, which we've had to struggle through in the fourth quarter 2018, but hopefully we will not in the fourth quarter of 2019. All of those things get us to a place where we think it is sort of the midpoint of that 1 to 3 years about the best prediction that we can make.
It does suggest that , in part because of comparability issues and because of bookings maybe were a bit better in the second and in last two quarters than in the first two quarters, but not a dramatically different scenario. And it's not are sitting here saying we're going to have a different kind of economic environment than the one we have today.
David Beckel -- Sanford C. Bernstein & Co. -- Analyst
Great. Thanks for the color there. And just a quick follow-up, I know it's CapEx increased by about $100 million. Can you give a little color as to why the increase?
Kathleen Oberg -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
Sure. Basically, we're up -- the midpoint, about $100 million and it is a combination of little bit higher systems initiatives, which will actually be reimbursed over time from our owners, as well as, a loan for a particularly valuable management agreement. That's going to result in a meaningful property improvement program that will bring a hotel up to really fantastic brand standard for that brand.
David Beckel -- Sanford C. Bernstein & Co. -- Analyst
Great, thank you very much.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Smedes Rose of Citi.
Smedes Rose -- Citigroup -- Analyst
Hi, thanks. And, Arne, glad to hear that you're in a good hands and Laura, it is not going to be the same without you. Look forward to catching up offline with you. I wanted to ask, just -- you mentioned on your opening remarks, a new design for TownePlace and Fairfield ends, I think targeted at smaller markets. I'm just wondering is that answering some sort of unfilled demand that your developers are asking you to do? Are you trying to be more competitive with the products that are already targeting the smaller markets or kind of maybe what's -- what does it mean for those -- I guess for the pipeline for those two products?
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
I think it's actually both. But there, and I sense there the same issue, we have heard from a number of our franchisees that they want to expand in secondary, and some even tertiary markets where at Fairfield or at Towneplace, we set 80 or 90 rooms instead of that 125 or 130 rooms is the better better positioning for those markets. And while we've had the ability of course to shrink the number of rooms in our hotel, if you're not shrinking the public space in a way that's commensurate with that and you're probably putting us a product that's a little bit over built in that market.
And so we want to do something with those partners who want to grow in those markets to make sure that we've got something, which is true to the brand, but cost effective for them and competitive with the competing product that might be there, and obviously you can see we've got a lot of different companies that participate in the select service space, particularly. And if you look at the tertiary markets, you'll see that we are probably less distributed there than many other companies in the United States.
Smedes Rose -- Citigroup -- Analyst
Okay, thanks. And then just listening to all the hotel REIT -- the new Expedia contractors come up some, it sounds like more than just -- it's a little more nuance than just sort of lowering the commissions and it's more about more control if maybe the way the rooms are put into the OTA systems, can you just provide maybe some just broad strokes that maybe just kind of the changes in the contract or how...
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Obviously we are now, I don't even know what round of new contract is with Expedia, but we've been renegotiated these contracts for nearly 20 years, I suppose, I don't like that end. And there is a similarity to some extent with each of them, but I think on some level, we continue to look for cost effectiveness. We look for data transfer ability, the ability to understand who the customer is and have the systems understand who the customer is. We look at inventory control, which is can we yield our inventory, can we make sure we're pricing our inventory on our own platform in a way that doesn't necessarily have to be offered up in every other platform.
And those things were on the table here too, and of course, we would expect Expedia or another OTA to one-off in the opposite of what we want certainly, as it relates to the level of the commission, that's probably the clearest to see. But I think we are grateful for where we got with Expedia, we do think it will deliver economic benefits to our owners. We also think we are -- we don't have much to say about this today, you have to stay tuned. But we do have an idea with them, with Expedia, that we think is attractive to both of us maybe an incremental place for them to make some economics in our space, but also the space in which they can actually deliver more cost effective solutions to us than some of the solutions that are available to us today. And so we're pleased with the outcome that we've got and look forward to seeing what we can accomplish with it.
Smedes Rose -- Citigroup -- Analyst
Okay, thank you.
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
You bet.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Anthony Powell of Barclays.
Anthony Powell -- Barclays Bank -- Analyst
Hi, happy Friday, everyone and obviously, well wishes to you Arne, well wishes to you, Laura. Thanks for your help and openness over the years.
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Anthony Powell -- Barclays Bank -- Analyst
So that the house profit margin increase in North America on pretty modest RevPAR wasn't positive in the quarter, I think you've targeted 50 basis points of hotel level margin growth from the merger, are you believe in that currently and do you think that could lead to upside to your incentive fee growth projection of 6% to 10% over the next few years?
Kathleen Oberg -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
So, couple of things. We basically have achieved in every year since we've acquired Starwood, 50 basis points of -- at least 50 basis points of margin improvement apart from RevPAR in '17, '18, and it's our goal to do that again in '19 and quite frankly, Anthony, if our goal to do it again in '20. So I think whether it is from purchasing or from what we've seen in the loyalty program to productivity synergies to above property synergies through the PSF, we've been thrilled with what we've been able to do and quite frankly with the hard work that the properties have put in to making it a reality. So we do continue to see the benefit. And I think you're seeing that come forth in the incentive fees and in the profits of the hotels.
Anthony Powell -- Barclays Bank -- Analyst
Got it. So I think in your, in your Investor Day, you said 6% to 10% of growth over the next few years. Is that still the target or there may be upside to that?
Kathleen Oberg -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
Yeah, I think for now, using what you've got in the Security Analyst Meeting, is just right.
Anthony Powell -- Barclays Bank -- Analyst
Got it. Okay. Just one more...
Kathleen Oberg -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
We certainly hope to beat it.
Anthony Powell -- Barclays Bank -- Analyst
Got it. And just -- on the home rental business, is this more of an offering or amenity for core customer or do you think this stimulates scale to something that's meaningful in terms of financials for you over the next few years?
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Well, time is going to tell. I mean, we're taking a different strategy obviously, than the number have, we are not -- we want to -- we know that what we offer in this space our brand must stand behind that nobody is going to excuse us from a bad experience in a home and villa rental kind of experience. We're not going to blame the host, they're going to say Marriott, you put me in a product that was not clean or something else happened in that space. And so that's one thing that we'll make -- will have an impact under the size of business long term.
The second thing we're doing is, we're really looking at the whole home market, we're not looking at a studio apartments, we're not looking at extra bedrooms, we're looking at something which is meaningfully different from a traditional hotel room. For obvious reasons, we think it makes them more complementary to the hotel space that we're in, we also think it helps fill on a gap if you will, one of the gaps that arguably we've had is that when larger families, whether that's a single nuclear family or an extended family are traveling together, hotels are not necessarily always the easiest place to be, because there may not be places for them together outside of the public spaces of the hotel and the more we can do something that solves both of those, the better off we think we are. I think though even define that way, it is a big market and a market that we can grow in, we obviously don't expect that there will be a material financial impact in 2019. We wouldn't tell you to build anything in this model until we get smarter about it in the years ahead. But we're really excited about it and we are really eager to learn what we can learn in this space.
Anthony Powell -- Barclays Bank -- Analyst
Great, thank you.
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
You bet.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Bill Crow of Raymond James.
Bill Crow -- Raymond James -- Analyst
Yeah, good afternoon, folks. And obviously, I'm sure the sentiment that's already been said, And Laura, 20 years of trying to make me better, I appreciate your efforts. I'm not sure they work, but I appreciate them. Arne, my question is really on the select service and the limited service space, whether you think the consumer today is more discerning and what they're looking for and whether that's put older properties at a significant disadvantage to newly opened properties?
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
It's a good question. Good question for lots of reasons, I mean, I think the the full-service hotels have still got a very meaningful advantage. They've got function space, they've got a presence that a typical select service hotel can offer, often a food and beverage range that a select service hotel can offer, and they can continue to be, I think, quite competitive, particularly in the right kinds of markets.
I think at the same time, you see select brands and we've got a number of these, I think about Moxy and AC and Aloft and Element, just to name a few that come right to mind that are interesting, they can be lively, they can be with energized bar space or lobby space or maybe even flex food and beverage space. And if they're in urban locations, they give a better alternative I think in some respects than the relatively lower rated hotels that might have been in the same market in a past generation if they existed there in the first place. And so, we'll watch this altogether, obviously, one reason these brands are growing so well as I think our franchise partners see them and say, this is a pretty interesting new mousetrap, and we want to be part of experimenting to see how this works. I think ultimately, all these hotels can be successful and if they're positioned right and if they're true to their brands, I think some of the newer select brands have the ability to punch above their weight in terms of rate per square footage, which I think will make them stronger over time.
And ultimately, where the growth settles is going to depend a little bit on that return and that return is both about current cash return for development costs, but it's also about capital preservation and what assets are going to hold their value the longest and that's still often going to be urban main and main kinds of locations that may deliver a little less percentage of cash flow return, but are going to hold their value extraordinarily well.
Bill Crow -- Raymond James -- Analyst
Okay, I'll leave it there. Thank you.
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
You bet.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Patrick Scholes of SunTrust.
Patrick Scholes -- SunTrust -- Analyst
Good afternoon. Let me just also reiterate, Arne, hopes for a quick recovery.
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Patrick.
Patrick Scholes -- SunTrust -- Analyst
And Laura, congratulations, well deserved.
Laura E. Paugh -- Senior Vice President of Investor Relations
Thank you.
Patrick Scholes -- SunTrust -- Analyst
A question, you had talked about occupancy taking a bit of a hit in the quarter, I guess, less use of third-party OTAs. Is this something that we would expect to continue throughout the year and then is it also fair to think that's on the flip side, it certainly benefits owned hotels including yours, as well as IMFs?
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
I mean, I think we have seen probably some of this in the last few quarters. We certainly in the Marriott -- Legacy Marriott portfolio even before the integration of the reservations platforms, we have started to do some yielding of our inventory off of third-party sites when we predicted we didn't need that business. And so I suspect as we get further into the year, we will see some lapping of what we did in the past. I think what is accelerated probably a bit is with going to one reservations platform, as we brought the Starwood Hotels in sort of one fell swoop onto a little bit more aggressive approach that way and so we think we'll probably see some impact of that, we're going to watch this.
I mean, obviously, we don't want to turn away business, if it's incremental to us. What we want to do, though, is make sure we're set up to maximize profitability of hotels in long-term and well, we've talked about this before, well, RevPAR is the single measure, which is most available in the industry. It is not the measure, which is the most important, which is, what kind of profits are you driving from the performance of that hotel as you compete for owner capital.
And as we've said before, we're quite compared to sacrifice a few tenths on the top line, if it makes sense to drive enhanced profitability on the bottom bottom line.
Kathleen Oberg -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
The only additional I will add to that is that I would not expect it -- to the second part of your question, I would not expect to materially impact only profits.
Patrick Scholes -- SunTrust -- Analyst
Okay, thank you for the clear explanation.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Robin Farley of UBS.
Robin Farley -- UBS Investment Bank -- Analyst
Great, thank you. I want to add my best wishes for Arne and -- Laura quite selfishly I'm bummed that Laura is leaving because as many years of I've been doing this, I always learned something when I talk to Laura. So, I think for all of us are understanding that the industry is going to be diminished by you going. But don't let that stop you, I know well deserved.
So, my question is on incentive management fees. I wonder if you could give us -- sometimes you give color on kind of what percent of hotels are paying versus the previous peak kind of in North America? And then, just with the guidance for incentive management fee declines in Q2, you mentioned that's renovations. It seems like something that a renovation disruption might be more than one quarter phenomenon, but your full-year guidance is still for that. up mid-single digits for the incentive management fees. So, I wonder if you could just talk to us about how -- like what's the sort of specific to Q2, but not necessarily an issue in later quarters about that. Thank you.
Kathleen Oberg -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
Sure, absolutely. So let's first talk about percentage ownership on incentive fees. And in Q1 in '19 versus '18, it was up 300 basis points, so 56% versus 53% a year ago first quarter. So, fits nicely with the discussion that we've been having relative to margins and also international hotel growth. Relative to the full year, last year, '18 was up about a point over '17. It's too soon for us to kind of get into percentages for all of '19, but I think clearly the trend is moving in the right direction. So, couple of things I'll mention on incentive fees in Q2.
One of the things that's going on in Q2 in incentive fees is FX. We have expected that FX albeit it's a little bit less bad than we expected a quarter ago. A quarter ago, we said 15% to 20%, now we've got closer to 10%. We do expect that negative FX impact, which clearly hits incentive fees to be largely in the first half. So, we are expecting a chunk of that to be in Q2 and then, you add on to that, the reality, that in Q1, we had a bunch of resorts that we're getting this extra strong incentive fees and then layer on top of that renovation and Easter. And that's where you get this overall change in the direction of the incentive fees in Q2.
Robin Farley -- UBS Investment Bank -- Analyst
Okay, great, that's very helpful. Thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Thomas Allen of Morgan Stanley.
Thomas Allen -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Hey, good afternoon and best wishes on a speedier recovery Arne, and Laura good luck in your retirement.
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Thomas Allen -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
So, at the beginning in your prepared remarks, you talked about 2.5 years of embedded growth just in the hotels in construction and another 2.5 years in the pipeline. Is that saying -- for the kind of 5.5% to 6% growth you're guiding. Is that what you're implying?
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, I guess so. Yeah, I don't know that we exactly went back and tested the net unit growth number and obviously the 5.5% is net of deletions, not updating the deletions forecast, but really simply looking at -- you look at the volume of rooms in that pipeline, and it looks about five years worth of growth.
Kathleen Oberg -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
And it's assuming just a steady pace of openings. So it just that today's pace, you got a lot of stuff in the pipeline, it's consistent with what we talked about in Security Analyst Meeting which obviously you'd expect higher room openings in '21 than you would expect in '19. But it is all consistent with this pipeline, be at 478 or 475.
Thomas Allen -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Okay, perfect. And then just, since you announced homes and villas, what have you heard from owners?
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
They're curious, of course. They're deeply interested in where we're going with this, obviously 2,000 homes and villas is a substantial increase from what we were doing last year. But it is not a significant number by itself when you compare to either the size of the hotel system we have today or even the number of hotels we open every week. And so it's less a question really about what are we doing today than what might we be doing in the future. And I think as we go forward, we're going to make sure we're communicating with them, and taking on board there their interest. I think our owners are not monolithic, so it would be -- it would be wrong to say that every one of them has exactly the same point of view. I do think there are many of them that acknowledge that this is irrational step for us to take and if they were in our shoes, they'd be doing exactly the same thing. I think broadly they appreciate the value of the loyalty program and know that this can enhance the loyalty program, which is to benefit not just to the homes and villas of business, but it's also to the benefit of the hotel business.
And I think owners generally have a point of view, which is they'd like to grow with us but maybe have nobody else grow with us, so that they can make sure that they capture as much of our customer base as they possibly can. I think they understand philosophically, that's not a world that they can't necessarily have. But you put all that through the grinder and I think we've got a very constructive set of conversations with our owners and I'm sure we'll be able to navigate this through with them well.
Thomas Allen -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Helpful. Thank you.
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
You bet.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Michael Bellisario of Baird.
Michael Bellisario -- Robert W. Baird & Co. -- Analyst
Good afternoon.
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Hi, there.
Michael Bellisario -- Robert W. Baird & Co. -- Analyst
All the best to both of you, Arne and Laura.
Laura E. Paugh -- Senior Vice President of Investor Relations
Thank you.
Michael Bellisario -- Robert W. Baird & Co. -- Analyst
You gave us a 3% number, I think is on the transient side for your largest accounts. I mean, did you see any different trend with some of your smaller accounts and any differences between kind of larger and smaller customers in terms of the booking behavior that you saw?
Kathleen Oberg -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
Yes, I wouldn't say anything notable. Happily, some of our biggest customers like the professional services areas, things like that. They were up meaningfully, some of the areas that you would expect. So, I don't think there, any particular trend of the larger versus smaller, but certainly professional services is an example, it was up very strong.
Michael Bellisario -- Robert W. Baird & Co. -- Analyst
And then you mentioned, I think you called that a surge in group bookings in April. What was the profile of that customer, that was being more aggressively with their forward-looking bookings?
Kathleen Oberg -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
Well there actually that was group that we were talking about. That was group bookings, which obviously can cover a range, everything from associations to government to corporations. And it was quite strong in the corporate. What I think, one of the things that we were very pleased to see is that it was that the surge was both in the year, for the year, as well as for all future periods, which was always very encouraging.
Michael Bellisario -- Robert W. Baird & Co. -- Analyst
That's helpful. Thank you.
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
You bet.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Kevin Kopelman of Cowen & Company.
Kevin Kopelman -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst
Hi, thanks a lot. And first of all, best wishes to you, Arne and congrats to Laura.
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Kevin.
Laura E. Paugh -- Senior Vice President of Investor Relations
Thanks, Kevin.
Kevin Kopelman -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst
I just had a quick one. Can you talk about free cash flow trends that you're seeing and that kind of one-time payment that you had in the first quarter and how you're expecting free cash flow trend for the year? Thanks.
Kathleen Oberg -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
The one-time payment you're referencing, and you are talking about insurance costs related to...
Kevin Kopelman -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst
Profit sharing last year.
Kathleen Oberg -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
That was profit sharing within the year ago first quarter. So, in that respect, we were, talking about kind of year-over-year trends in G&A because obviously last year was weighted down by the $35 million. You could be talking about the profit sharing from our working capital changes.
Kevin Kopelman -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst
Sorry, I'm talking about the outflow for accrued payroll and benefits.
Kathleen Oberg -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
Yes. And that is just a function of the fact that as you remember. We accrued for the supplemental benefit last year, but we actually paid it out in first quarter into our associates' accounts. And then second of all, we also moved up our profit sharing timing from Q3 to Q1. So, when you look at the working capital, use of cash in Q1 relative to normal, it looks particularly heavy and that's because of about $200 million worth of timing differences in the cash flow.
Kevin Kopelman -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst
Got it. And then just a follow-up. Typically your loyalty program has been a source of cash. And you talked about how it might be different this year and you did have strong, I think, redemptions in the first quarter. So, any change to the outlook there for this year?
Kathleen Oberg -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
Yes, so good question. And again, to finish off the rest of your earlier question; otherwise, in terms of the overall flow of cash, it's really the same as we expressed in the first quarter. So, no fundamental change. We obviously haven't presumed any asset sales, pretty similar. Yes, I would say loyalty might be between $50 million and $100 million negative use of cash this year, as compared to more neutral where we were a quarter ago. But that's also offset by a little bit higher net income. So, you put that all together with maybe ever so slightly higher debt borrowings and we end up in exactly the same place. And all of those, I would say are in $50 million to $75 million. So, really kind of fine-tuning more than any fundamental change.
Kevin Kopelman -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst
Okay, got it. Thanks so much.
Kathleen Oberg -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Wes Golladay of RBC Capital Markets.
Wesley Golladay -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
Hello, everyone. I just got a quick question on conversions. Now that Bonvoy has been launched and the programs that you've been integrating, are you seeing increased interest from owners to convert to Marriott brands?
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
I think it's certainly at least steady, if not up a bit. Yes, I think, the demand both for new build and for conversions is comparable. I think the feedback, we're getting from our owners, is very positive. I think there have been questions already obviously about margins, which we've talked about. I think there is -- maybe not unanimous but broad recognition that we're delivering incremental margin performance because of what we've built here. And I think there is broad understanding that the revenue lift should come behind it. And not only an absolute revenue lift, but a mix of revenue sources, which is more cost effective than sold. The level of conversations, we're having with our current and prospective partners are very robust.
Kathleen Oberg -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
And in certain markets that are more RevPAR challenged like Middle East, for example, we're very encouraged with some of their conversion activity, we see going on there, were the benefits of the strong revenue pipeline of our brand. It's viewed as very attractive as well as the margins.
Wesley Golladay -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
And can I get one more question. Looking at the limited service, the underperformance this quarter was a little bit more pronounced and I assumed some of that was related to the relief efforts last year. Is that true, and how do you expect these gap between full service to trend throughout the year?
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes, it's a good question. I think the limited services, partly geographic distribution, maybe a little bit for us. Partly hedged product, I suppose, maybe for Courtyard, which we're working on. But I don't see a dramatic difference in performance between the segments as the year goes on.
Wesley Golladay -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
Thank you very much and best wishes, and thanks for everything.
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Operator
Our final question will come from the line of Vince Ciepiel of Cleveland Research.
Vince Ciepiel -- Cleveland Research Company -- Analyst
Great, thanks and best wishes to both, Arne and Laura. I have two questions and both are related to share of wallet, one pertaining to Starwood Marriott deal and the second on home sharing. So, first on Starwood Marriott. You obviously have this base of legacy Marriott loyalty members, Starwood loyalty members, and I'm curious, what inning you think we're in of increasing share of wallet within those bases of legacy members? What type of overlap you're seeing with the legacy Marriott staying and with Starwood properties employees first, I guess, maybe a simple way of capturing it is I think you've noted, loyalty is 50% of the business now. How high do you think that could get.
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Well, I'm not sure we actually know the answer to the second one. A couple of comments on absolute penetration of loyalty and then maybe, finish with what inning we are in.
It was interesting to us that when we acquired Starwood and looked at the way the calculation was done for loyalty contribution of hotels, Starwood was 7 or 8 points higher than Marriott was, principally because the calculation was done differently. And we have synthesized those calculations now, so that they are the same. And actually the loyalty contribution of the Starwood Hotels looks a whole lot more or like what it does for the Marriott Hotels. And there are some arcane things in there about whether you count, for example, points in eligible room that came in through an OTA channel that has a loyalty number attached to it, where maybe they can earn points from food and beverage or you don't. And we don't. So, there are a bunch of things that go into that calculation.
As we said, we're at about 50% of all of our rooms are coming from our loyalty programs. We think that number will grow. We are, I think in a very early inning. Well, our customers, who are both Starwood and Marriott customers, I think were pleased when we allowed linkage of the loyalty programs on the day of close to now have one single program means they don't have to go two separate sites, if you will, to see what the options are in the other legacy portfolio. And that means the customers are, just in the last few months now for the first time going on and looking at whatever destination they maybe going to, and seen a meaningfully broader selection to choose from than they did before. And it means that we are seeing folks, who might have driven farther for that SPG hotel or driven farther for that Marriott Rewards hotel before, now having options that are a little bit closer to them. And they'll be some trading sort of back and forth in both directions, which I think net-net should drive share of wallet and maybe not disproportionately impact either one. We did put in our prepared remarks that redemption volume has gone up significantly. I think that is a powerful sign that people are seeing the value of the choices that are available. And so it's hard to put an inning on it, but I would say it's very early in the game, in terms of the revenue lift and the lift available from the Bonvoy program.
Okay. I guess the operator told us you were last. Thank you very much for being so patient with us. We obviously trying do these things in the morning for obvious reasons. We had our Board meeting and shareholders meeting this morning and we are trying to fit an awful lot in in the same day. And so, thanks for waiting until Friday afternoon for us. We appreciate your interest in us. Congratulations, Laura once again. We'll have you for another few quarters here, but...
Laura E. Paugh -- Senior Vice President of Investor Relations
Thank you. Happy Mothers Day to everybody.
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Happy Mother's Day, everybody.
Kathleen Oberg -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
Happy weekend.
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Make sure you mothers or your spouses or whoever's mother-like to you to one of our hotels and celebrate. Have a good weekend.
Operator
Thank you, ladies and gentlemen, this does conclude today's call. You may now disconnect.
Duration: 75 minutes
Call participants:
Arne M. Sorenson -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Kathleen Oberg -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
Laura E. Paugh -- Senior Vice President of Investor Relations
David Katz -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Shaun Kelley -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst
Jared Shojaian -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
Joseph Greff -- JPMorgan Chase & Co. -- Analyst
David Beckel -- Sanford C. Bernstein & Co. -- Analyst
Smedes Rose -- Citigroup -- Analyst
Anthony Powell -- Barclays Bank -- Analyst
Bill Crow -- Raymond James -- Analyst
Patrick Scholes -- SunTrust -- Analyst
Robin Farley -- UBS Investment Bank -- Analyst
Thomas Allen -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Michael Bellisario -- Robert W. Baird & Co. -- Analyst
Kevin Kopelman -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst
Wesley Golladay -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
Vince Ciepiel -- Cleveland Research Company -- Analyst
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