Q2 2024 Stifel Financial Corp Earnings Call
Participants
Joel Jeffrey; SVP of IR; Stifel Financial Corp
Ronald Kruszewski; Independent Director; Stifel Financial Corp
James Marischen; Chief Financial Officer, Senior Vice President; Stifel Financial Corp
Devin Ryan; Analyst; JMP Securities LLC
Steven Chubak; Analyst; Wolfe Research LLC
Alex Blostein; Analyst; Goldman Sachs & Co.
Bill Katz; Analyst; TD Cowen
Brennan Hawken; Analyst; UBS
Chris Allen; Analyst; Citi
Presentation
Operator
Good day and welcome to the Stifel Financial's second-quarter financial results conference call. Today's conference is being recorded.
At this time, I would like to turn the conference over to Joel Jeffrey, Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.
Joel Jeffrey
Thank you, operator. I'd like to welcome everyone to Stifel Financial's second-quarter 2024 conference call. I'm joined on the call today by our Chairman and CEO, Ron Kruszewski; our Co-Presidents, Victor Nesi and Jim Zemlyak; and our CFO, Jim Marischen.
Earlier this morning, we issued an earnings release and posted a slide deck and financial supplement to our website, which can be found on the Investor Relations page at www.stifel.com. I would note that some of the numbers that we state throughout our presentation are presented on a non-GAAP basis, and I would refer to our reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP as disclosed in our press release.
I would also remind listeners to refer to our earnings release, financial supplement, and our slide presentation for information on forward-looking statements and non-GAAP measures. This audio cast is copyrighted material of Stifel Financial and may not be duplicated, reproduced, or rebroadcast without the consent of Stifel Financial.
I will now turn the call over to our Chairman and CEO, Ron Kruszewski.
Ronald Kruszewski
Thanks, Joel. Good morning. Thanks to everyone for taking the time to listen to our second quarter 2024 earnings conference call. I'm pleased to be with my partners here this morning in New York and look forward to seeing them as well.
Stifel's strong results in the second quarter reflected our operating leverage as market conditions improved particularly in our institutional business. Stifel's second-quarter net revenue totaled $1.22 billion, up 16% from 2023, and represents the second best quarter in our history. All revenue line items showed improvement, except for our predicted decline in net interest income. Commissions and principal transactions increased 24% as a result of stronger client activity levels in both wealth management and our institutional growth.
Investment banking increased 40% as advisory revenue was up 50% and capital raising rose 29%. Record asset management revenue was up 19%, reflecting organic growth and market appreciation. Net interest income declined $40 million or 14%. However, although NII decreased both quarterly and in the first half of the year, the declines were within our guidance.
The efficiency of our diversified business model is illustrated by our second-quarter pre-tax margin of 21%, operating earnings per share of $1.60, which was a 33% increase from the prior year, as well as an annualized return on tangible common equity of 22%. We generated record first-half net revenue of nearly $2.4 billion, an increase of 10% as improving institutional revenue more than offset the predicted decline in NII.
Our consistent growth and significant cash generation also gives us increased financial flexibility. This is highlighted by our recent retirement of $500 million in senior notes. We raised the $500 million 10 years ago to support our bank growth strategy. However, our bank is now of the size and scale that it can more than fund its own growth, and therefore, in the current rate environment, we felt that retiring the debt made sense financially. The retirement of these notes not only reduces our long-term liability, but also eliminates $21 million in annual interest expense.
While comparisons to the prior year are informative, we also like to review our results next to Street consensus estimates, which we do apply, too. Our EPS of $1.60 was $0.06 cents higher than the Street estimate as net revenue came in above expectations by $34 million. Looking at the specific line items that drove our earnings beat, first, transactional revenue came in $14 million above expectations, primarily driven in fixed income. Investment banking came in $10 million above consensus on stronger advisory revenue.
I'd also note that underwriting revenue was stronger than the consensus as the environment for capital raising has improved. The only revenue item that we fell short of Street estimates was net interest income. However, NII still came within our guidance range. We stated on last quarter that we believe that NII may have hit a low point. And the modest incremental decline in the second quarter was the result of higher net interest margin, which I note is positive, but this was more than offset by a slight decline in interest earning assets.
On the expense side, we were essentially in line with the Street as our compensation ratio was 58%, same as consensus, while non-comp operating expenses totaled $260 million, $1 million above consensus. We've used slide 3 in recent earnings announcements to illustrate the benefits of our complementary businesses in various markets. Over the past five years, we've been able to offset much of the volatility of our institutional businesses with the stability of our fee-based businesses and our increased net interest income.
Looking at the most recent three quarters, you can see the rebound in institutional pre-tax income that now has helped counter the decline in net interest income. Putting this into context, in the first half of the year, our pre-tax income is up $58 million, as the improvement in institutional margins and growth in PCG revenues has more than offset the $85 million decline in NII. As we look forward, expected continued improvement in wealth management and institutional revenue will help.
But additionally, stable net interest income achieved by higher interest-earning assets should offset incremental cash sorting and result in higher pre-tax margins and return on tangible common equity. I know there are a lot of questions on sweep cash and advisory accounts for all firms. While Jim will address some of the specifics on how we view this at Stifel, et me just state that Stifel anticipated and prepared for this rate cycle, both on the asset side of our balance sheet as well as offering clients options for savings accounts, primarily our Smart Rate.
As such, we do not see a material impact relating to this matter. And to underscore this point, we are not changing our NII guidance for the remainder of this year. Before I turn the call over to Jim to discuss our financial results, I want to talk a little bit more about the long-term success of our global wealth management business.
As I mentioned earlier, for the second consecutive year, Stifel was ranked number one in the employee segment of the J.D. Power US Financial Advisor Satisfaction Study. In addition to ranking first overall, Stifel is also ranked number one in three of six categories: leadership and culture, products and marketing, and operational support. The results of this survey further proves our core values of respecting our advisors and continually improving the advisor experience which in turn leads to better client experience. Focusing on these values enables people to continually attract and retain high-quality advisors to our platform, provide exceptional client service, and has been a foundation to our history of strong revenue growth.
With that, our CFO Jim Marischen will discuss our most recent quarter results.
James Marischen
Thanks, Ron, and good morning, everyone.
Look at the details of our second quarter results on slide 5. Our quarterly net revenue of over $1.2 billion was up 16% year on year. For the first half of the year, revenue of $2.38 billion was up 10%. The increase was driven by stronger client facilitation, advisory, trading, and underwriting revenue that was partially offset by lower net interest income. Our EPS in the second quarter was up 33% from the prior year and up 19% year to date. Higher revenues and a lower share count more than offset modest expense growth.
Moving on to our segment results, global wealth management revenue was a record $801 million, and our pre-tax margins were more than 37% on record asset management revenue and strong growth in transactional revenue. We continue to add new advisors to our platform. During the quarter, we added a total of 42 advisors. This included 14 experienced advisors with trailing 12-month production of $12.2 million.
We ended the quarter with record fee-based assets, total client assets of $180 billion and $474 billion respectively. The sequential increases were due to higher equity markets and organic growth as our net new assets grew in the low single digits. We highlight our longer-term growth drivers for our wealth management business on slide 7. We continue to be on track for our 22nd consecutive year of record revenue of our global wealth management business, as our recurring revenues continue to comprise the vast majority of this segment's revenue. Our recruiting continues to be solid as our commitment to the highest level of service for our advisors is once again recognized by J.D. Power.
On the next slide, I'll discuss our institutional group, where the improvement in market conditions that began towards the end of 2023 continued. Total revenue for the segment was $391 million in the quarter, up 41% year on year and year to date. Revenue of $742 million was up 22%, led by strong increases in capital raising and transactional revenue. Firm-wide, investment banking revenue totaled $233 million while both capital raising and advisory revenue increased sequentially and year on year.
As expected, underwriting revenue continues to lead the rebound in investment banking. Equity underwriting of $48 million was up 19% from the first quarter and 59% over the same period in 2023 as healthcare and financials were strong contributors. Fixed income underwriting revenue increased 8% from 2Q '23 as improved public finance revenue helped to offset slower taxable issuance. We continue to be a leader in the municipal underwriting business as we rank number one in the number of negotiated transactions with nearly 15% market share.
Advisory revenue was $131 million and was our strongest quarter since the first quarter in 2023 as we had solid results in our financials, gaming, and industrial verticals. Equity transactional revenue totaled $53 million, up 16% from the second quarter of 2023. We continue to gain traction in our electronic offerings as well as strong engagement with our high-touch trading and best-in-class research.
Fixed income transactional revenue of $107 million was up 58% year on year, as our rate business continues to rebound from a very slow 2023, and activity in our corporate debt business remains solid. Additionally, we benefited from increased trading gains during the quarter.
On slide 9, I'll discuss our bank results and the recent industry focus on advisory sweep deposits. Net interest income of $251 million was in the lower half of our range as average interest earning asset levels declined by nearly $1 billion and more than offset the improvement in our bank NIM. The primary driver of the decline in interest earning assets was the decline in cash on our balance sheet. The increase in NIM was a result of increased loan yield and a decline in deposit costs.
Given our expectations for modest cash sorting and higher interest earning assets, as well as the interest savings obtained by paying off the $500 million senior debt, we expect that NII in the third quarter will be in the $250 million to $260 million range.
Our credit metrics and reserve profile remain strong. The non-performing asset ratio stands at 29 basis points. Our credit loss provision totaled $3 million for the quarter. And our consolidated allowance to total loans ratio was 88 basis points, which was impacted by the growth in loan balances and fund banking, mortgage, and CNI.
Our balance sheet continues to be well capitalized. Tier 1 leverage capital increased 50 basis points sequentially to 11.1%. I'd also note that the unrealized losses in our bond portfolio continue to improve as credit spreads tightened in the CLO market.
I also want to touch on the recent concerns regarding the potential for higher sweep deposit costs on advisory accounts. This has drawn significant interest as to the impact on the industry, and consequently, we felt it was important to address this issue as it relates to Stifel.
Let me start by saying that Stifel has been at the forefront of industry trends for much of the cash sorting cycle. Our Smart Rate product was introduced before rates began to rise and offered clients a competitive savings account which resulted in the retention of client cash within Stifel. In addition, we positioned our balance sheet to insulate us from interest rate risk and provide acceptable risk-adjusted net interest margin. Before the onset of rate increases, Stifel's sweep deposits totaled approximately $28 billion. Today, Stifel has approximately $10 billion in sweep deposits and $16 billion of Smart Rate deposits.
Said another way, 63% of Stifel's pre-rate cycle sweep deposits have sorted into Smart Rate. Additionally, I'd point to the growth in our ticketed money market fund and short-term treasury balances to highlight the additional cash alternatives that our advisors utilize to generate higher yields for their clients. Generally speaking, sweep deposits represent operational cash, as the average firm-wide balance per account is roughly $11,000.
On the other hand, Smart Rate is more representative f investment cash with an average account balance of $190,000. In terms of the sweep deposits within our advisory platform, the average deposit size is only $9,000 and represents 1.7% of fee-based assets, which we disclosed in our slide deck. We believe that given the relatively low percentage of sweep deposits maintained in our advisory accounts as compared to total fee-based assets in those accounts, our cash sweep product is being utilized as designed and intended, primarily as a source of account liquidity to pay fees and meet short-term cash needs.
Consequently, we believe that through our focused efforts to provide higher-yielding alternatives to our clients, we have mitigated much of the potential impact of this issue, and the incremental risks to Stifel are not material. To illustrate this, we are not changing our net interest income guidance.
On the next slide, we go through expenses. Comp-to-revenue ratio in the second quarter was 58% which was again at the high end of our full-year guidance we gave at the beginning of the year. I would note that during the quarter, we incurred nearly $10 million of severance costs tied to our efficiency initiatives and our international operations. Non-compensation operating expenses, excluding the credit loss provision and expenses related to investment banking transactions, totaled approximately $248 million. Non-comp OpEx as a percentage of revenue was 20.4%. The effective tax rate during the quarter came in at 25.8%.
Before I turn the call back over to Ron, let me discuss our capital position. On last quarter's call, we indicated the possibility of retiring $500 million of senior notes that were maturing in July given the growth in our bank and its ability to fund its growth. Last week, we paid off this debt. Given our conservative approach and the fact that this was the first time we've retired senior notes, we reduced our buyback activity in the quarter to ensure we had more than ample levels of excess liquidity.
As a result, our share of purchases of 229,000 shares in the quarter was down significantly from the prior quarter. As of the end of the second quarter, we have approximately 11 million shares remaining on our authorization. We have more than $415 million of excess capital based on a 10% Tier 1 leverage target. Additionally, we continue to generate substantial amounts of excess cash, as illustrated by our second-quarter GAAP net income $156 million.
We remain focused on generating strong risk-adjusted returns when deploying capital and have done this through reinvesting in the business, making acquisitions, as well as through share repurchases. Absent any assumption for additional share repurchases and assuming a stable stock price, we'd expect the third quarter fully diluted share count to be 111 million shares.
And with that, let me turn the call back over to Ron.
Ronald Kruszewski
Thanks, Jim. Let me conclude by talking about how we see the remainder of the year playing out and why we are optimistic about the future.
Our annualized results for the first half of the year put us above the midpoint of our guidance and roughly in line with Street estimates for the full year. As I said last quarter, the outlook for the remainder of the year is certainly not without its risks. However, given the current trends we are seeing in the market and the operating leverage in our business, we believe that we are well positioned for a strong second half.
Additionally, as we exit 2024, we believe that we will be on a trajectory to reach our near-term milestones of over $5 billion in annual revenue and $8 per share as well as our long-term milestone of $1 trillion in client assets and $10 billion in annual revenue. We have not changed our revenue guidance for 2024, but as you can see from the arrows on the right side of the slide, we believe that all of our revenue line items will at least match, if not exceed, our first half results as market conditions continue to improve. On the transactional side, wealth management is resilient, and our rates business continues to improve as banks are seeing more opportunities to trade their securities portfolios. In investment banking, our results so far this year have been driven by increased underwriting activities, both in equity and fixed income.
As we look at the second half of the year, we anticipate continued solid results from capital raising but also increased performance from advisory as activity levels continue to improve and closings pick up. Given that most of our asset management revenue is priced off trailing quarter asset levels, we've essentially locked in three quarters of revenue for 2024. In terms of net interest income, as Jim articulated, we're maintaining our previous guidance for NII.
On the expense side, we've narrowed the range for our compensation ratio guidance to reflect the conservatism that we've had in the first half of the year. While we are optimistic for the second half, we are still building back to our 2021 revenue levels, particularly in our institutional segment. As such, we've tightened our guidance to 57.5% to 58%, which still reflects our optimism for stronger revenue results in the second half of the year. In addition to our expectation for a strong second half, we should see some benefit from some of the efficiency initiatives we have implemented.
As Jim mentioned, we took a $10 million severance charge in the quarter as we rightsize our international operations. While these decisions are never easy, we believe it puts our business on a stronger path towards improved profitability without impacting our revenue growth.
Let me finish by saying that I am optimistic about the future of our business really as much as I've ever been. We've built a world-class diversified business that has proven its ability to generate strong returns despite ever-changing market conditions. Investments we've made have resulted in increased operating leverage, and the growth of our bank and asset management revenue has added to the stability of our results. Given the excess capital we generate, we'll continue to reinvest in our business and return capital to our shareholders with, as always, a focus on high-risk adjusted returns.
With that operator, please open up the lines for questions.
Question and Answer Session
Operator
Thank you. (Operator Instructions)
Devin Ryan, Citizen's JMP.
Devin Ryan
First question is on some of the cash sorting commentary. Ron, you spoke about the potential for more cash sorting. I'm just curious, do you think we're close to the end with transactional cash at such low levels? And a little flavor on the difference between brokerage and fee base would be great. And then also, really appreciate the comments about the wirehouse moves over the past couple of weeks. I know you guys were probably getting questions there. Why do you think they did that? Was it a competitive move? Does it have any influence on Stifel at all?
Ronald Kruszewski
Well, let me take your last question first. I'm reading like you are what people are doing, and I frankly don't know what or why or exactly what they're doing. You read comments that not all advisory cash is eligible for higher rates. Look, I read into that, that means that their transactional or operational cash is not, it's part of the platform, so I read that. I read other ones where they're increasing the rate, but just up a little bit and not the high yield.
So there's a lot of questions I don't really know. I just know what we're doing and what we have been doing. What I would say as it relates to that though, generally speaking, Stifel has been higher. Our sweep deposits don't have a 0.01%. A lot of institutions still were at the very, very low end of paying on sweep deposits. And so I think that's where some of it's coming from. This pressure is people are really looking at it and say, wait a minute,0.01%? And so that's where I see some of it.
But look, clients need the option to have alternatives for higher cash. We have to run our business and provide operational transactional cash, both in brokerage and advisory. That's what we've been doing. And we think that the products we put in place have largely mitigated what suddenly became a hot topic for you all to talk about.
So as it relates to -- I think we've managed this correctly prior to this even coming up. But what you'll see, as Jim mentioned, is when you look at what's happened, really a $9,000 average account is the operational cash that moves all around with an account. Sometimes, bonds mature, and it's in sweep, and it moves, and it gets reallocated. Those are normal levels. In fact, I would say low levels of transactional cash because of the rate environment.
And the metrics are very similar between brokerage and advisory. So I don't know that really answered all your questions. I took it in reverse, but, that's just how we look.
Devin Ryan
I do have a question for Jim just on the balance sheet and just thinking about just potential growth in the balance sheet and appetite for new loans and maybe where you guys would want to lean in. It would just be great to get a little bit of an update on what you're seeing in the market, spreads, and then just the ability to expand the balance sheet into that market.
James Marischen
Yeah, no. So obviously we have the capacity to generate additional loans on our balance sheet. I think if you look at this quarter, we grew loans, a couple hundred million dollars. We grew investments in the normal categories we've talked about over the last several quarters. If you look at the growth in fund banking, you look at the growth at mortgage, you look at the growth in the CLO portfolio, all those categories continue to be attractive risk-adjusted returns for us.
And obviously, given the the capacity to fund that with our liquidity as well as the excess capital we're carrying, I think we're going to continue to see growth there. If you look at the current quarter, most of that growth didn't result in pure asset numbers coming up because we were carrying over $2 billion dollars of cash. So most of that was reallocating from cash into loans. So as you see going forward, as we bring on more deposits on balance sheet, that incremental pick-up will be even more as we grow the loan portfolio as well as CLOs.
Ronald Kruszewski
I'll go back to you. I forgot one part of your first question, Devin, and I'll supplement it here. And that is that we have, and we've said it now for almost two and a half years that we were going to limit the growth in the balance sheet. And that was primarily because we didn't want to get in the position of not understanding the dynamics of cash sorting and getting in a position where we were generating loans and then suddenly looking at what we thought would be our perceived NIM being different than what we anticipated. Because as we know, it has been a highly volatile, not volatile, but straight up 500 basis points from zero.
Today, our appetite to grow the balance sheet as it relates to that issue is increasing because, frankly, I see the cash sorting issue becoming less and less and less. Certainly, the prospect of a rate increase based on recent numbers appears to be significantly lower, I'm not gonna rule it out ever, but significantly lower. In fact, you'll see some rate decreases. I'm not in the camp that says it happens in September, yet overall, the stability of this dynamic has created an ability where we now are more confident about adding assets in a manner that we believe we can manage our risk and our net.
Operator
Steven Chubak, Wolfe Research.
Steven Chubak
Yeah, I really appreciate the thoughts on the sweep deposit dynamics, certainly the topic that you hear at the moment. One of the questions that we've been getting following your remarks is just folks trying to understand the competitiveness of the sweep offering in the context of, I guess, your overall offering to the advisor. Are you confident that a deficient sweep yield is not a competitive disadvantage, at least relative to the recent moves at the wires for Stifel. And just to put this issue, hopefully at least, to bed for the time being, are you comfortable maintaining sweep pricing does not expose you to potential regulatory scrutiny?
Ronald Kruszewski
Again, your last question first, not really sure of the regulatory aspects. We need to recognize there's a lot of differences. First of all, you've got a broad question that impacts brokerage, non-discretionary fee-based accounts, discretionary fee-based accounts. The long and the short of it is that we always have a lot of levers that we can pull as it relates to how we manage our platform for our various products. The wirehouses, for instance, charge account fees, and we don't. And they have had lower interest on generally speaking than we have.
So look, are we competitive? Yes, we're competitive. We have to be competitive. We wouldn't be recruiting people. We wouldn't be getting clients if we're not competitive. So of course we're competitive, and we'll remain to be competitive.
And we offer a competitive product for our clients when you consider all of the things that go into the client's experience. So we're very, very confident. And this issue has been laser focused on something that we've been laser focused on for the last two and a half years.
James Marischen
And when you think of the competitiveness of the rates, if you look at some of the news reports from the larger peer that came out yesterday, the idea that they're moving certain accounts up to 2%, we're already offering 2% on our sweep program. And in terms of competitiveness, I think that's indicative of where we were already at, in addition to the number of products we have on our platform across alternatives, particularly money market mutual funds.
Ronald Kruszewski
Stephen, one thing I'll just say that we don't have the issue on, and I'm not sure whether you've enlisted it as an issue, but we're not a platform offering our services to other parties as a platform. And I think that's an issue. And people say, well, there's no pressure on rates if you do that. Well, yes, there is because you can't be subsidizing platform fees through low interest rates as your only option. I point that out because we don't really have that issue, but that does seem to have gotten lost in some of the analysis, so to speak. So that's all I have to say about that.
Steven Chubak
Understood. Okay, well, I'm sure others are going to have questions on this topic. So I'm just going to switch gears to slide 12, really helpful mark-to-market of the guidance. Shows consensus revenues are at least near the higher end of the range. The NII guidance unchanged. The comp ratio also near the higher end.
I was hoping you could just speak to the drivers of some upward pressure on comp. Is it simply due to mix? Are there other factors? And where are we in the journey of some of the COVID recruiting packages potentially rolling off in the coming years?
Ronald Kruszewski
COVID recruiting packages?
Steven Chubak
Yeah, just folks you hire during 2020, '21, where you are more aggressive in terms of lenient banker recruitment.
Ronald Kruszewski
Oh, I'm sorry. I thought you were talking about wealth management. Well, I haven't heard COVID recruiting packages nor do I think we did that. We certainly didn't have a program for that. And I feel that we built into 2021 the issue, not even the issue, the opportunity is that we have a platform that supports significantly more revenue from an ability to generate revenue. We did $2.2 billion in that business, and we haven't materially changed staffing, so that answers the second question as well, is that the reason we're tightening our range a little bit is that we are on track as to where we think we will be.
We are rebuilding and retracing the decline. We went from $2.2 billion to $1.2 billion in revenue. And if you look at the annualized rates, we're retracing that back. We don't expect it to happen all this year. I don't really share all of the optimism of this being a hockey stick type recovery on that part of the business.
And therefore, we're conservative in just narrowing our comp-to-revenue range which is kind of where we think we would be within that range if the year plays out as we see it here. Look, I think it's positive, not negative. We're maintaining our platform. We're generating high returns, high return on tangible capital equity, investing in our business, and doing so with a realistic view of the forward curve of improvement of business.
James Marischen
I'd add to that a little bit. Obviously, NII plays a big role in the comp leverage either up or down, and we were able to hold 58% comp to revenue last year in a challenging environment for our institutional group, but upward sloping NII results. This year, for the first six months, NII is down $85 million year to date. So you think about that over the first six months, that equates to about 2 points of comp margin that we've absorbed and how we absorbed it.
Some of that is the rebound and the decrease in subsidy in other businesses. And so there's obviously a lot of moving factors here, but I think I'd point to the stability of a diversified business model and how we're able to not see material swings up in a number of different business environments.
Steven Chubak
And just I'm going to squeeze in one more quick one. Just what drove lower deposit costs quarter on quarter? Certainly encouraging to see, but just given the decline in sweep deposits was a bit tough to reconcile.
James Marischen
Yeah, it was not related to sweep. It was all related to ICS type deposit or reciprocal type deposits that are higher costing deposits that we moved off balance sheet. We basically use more sweep deposits in the quarter, and so It's a couple basis points of change, but that's what drove that fluctuation on a sequential basis.
Ronald Kruszewski
We have that flexibility to do that.
Operator
Alex Blostein, Goldman Sachs.
Alex Blostein
So staying on the topic of the weeks or week, I guess. First, just a clarification. So roughly the $3 billion of advisory sweep cash that you pointed to in the deck, you're saying you're already paying 2% rate on that, and ultimately, there's no plans to change that. But based on regulatory dynamics and how that evolves, you're thinking on that might evolve as well. Did I read the [answer right]
Ronald Kruszewski
Let me stop you there, Alex. I want to be sure if that's what you heard, that's not what I meant you to hear. What I said was that there's a portion of our sweep deposits that we view as operational cash, $9,000 in average balances. And our view of operational cash goes into our normal sweep tiering. It's our normal sweep product.
The highest rate of that tier is 2%, but not every balance is 2%. So let's be clear there. But we were already at where some people are saying they wanna go on rates. Our sweep deposit pays up to 2% for everything, including brokering.
Alex Blostein
Got it, okay, that's helpful clarification. So I guess just building on that. So while the balances are obviously small, and they're operational in nature as you described it, how does that insulate you guys and the industry from the fiduciary obligation under Reg BI, right, because operationally, it's having this transactional cash in Smart Rate deposit or money market fund. Is that different? Does that preclude the customer from performing some of their normal way investment activity?
I'm just trying to understand that like, is there a red line between small operational sweep on the fiduciary or not, right, and whether or not that could still fall under the Reg BI.
Ronald Kruszewski
Look, I'm cautious about ever making regulatory interpretation questions. I know that we need to have a reasonable platform, needs to be understood. Most advisory platforms will allocate a percentage, 2% to 3% to cash to pay fees and to have operational cash. That's part of the platform. That's very reasonable.
As long as it's understood, then that's just what we do, and there's nothing wrong with that. There is no law that says you have to have the highest rate or charge the lowest fee. I mean, let's just take this whole thesis and say that Reg BI says that the highest you can charge for advice is what the ETFs charge. That's not what it says, and we need to be reasonable. And the biggest driver for us is competitive.
It's the competitive -- putting a competitive product that we can grow client assets, and clients have a choice. And if you do not provide a competitive product, they leave. Certainly, if the advisors aren't happy, they would leave. So I think when you boil it all in, we're very comfortable with where we are.
Alex Blostein
I got you. Great. Okay. Thank you for that. Let's maybe move on. Maybe just talk a little bit about recruiting environment. I know it has been a bit tougher for the industry as a whole over the last couple of quarters with perhaps more competition from some of the higher paying providers out there. If this whole cash dynamic results in more pressure relative to some of the more aggressively priced packages, particularly from some of the private firms, I guess, what opportunity, if at all, do you see for Stifel to lean into that market either from aggressively recruiting it perhaps a bit more or doing something inorganically?
Ronald Kruszewski
Well, look, there's always dynamics that impact recruiting. They're ever-changing and always there. This is just one, it will change. Broadly speaking, I think that I've said for a long time that part of the competition was the migration from employee, advisor, full service to independent, that there was a lot of competition because, in my view, if you were supplementing from a platform perspective, you could supplement higher recruiting cost and maybe ongoing compensation by subsidizing it with very low options for client cash.
As that dynamic changes, which I think it will change from the very low 0.01% to 0.04% for that platform, that will change the economics on that side of the industry, which we view will be beneficial to us, competitively speaking.
Operator
Bill Katz, TD Cowen.
Bill Katz
I, too, have one more cash sweep and excuse the -- maybe the elementary nature of this question. If you were to look outside of transactional cash and the rest of the sweep cash under the fiduciary account, how did the yields stack up? I guess 2% for cash makes sense if you just sort of keeping it at idle, but when rates are around 5% or so, you have Smart Rate and fixed income and so forth, but does that put any kind of upward pressure either on third-party sweep yields or even sweep that sort of deposit, excuse me, that swept onto the bank? Just trying to get my hands around that a little bit better.
Ronald Kruszewski
Bill, look, we tried to say that we put products in place to encourage cash sorting and to give those options. And we've watched 63% of our pre-rate cycle sweep deposits move into the higher yielding savings. And we've seen a tremendous increase in short-term treasuries, and we've seen an increase in ticketed money funds, all of which are part of the competitive dynamic. So as we look at it, if we would choose to raise yields, we'll do so with the eye of attracting more deposits that we feel that we can deploy on the asset side because we have a vast liquidity pool from deposits sitting off balance sheets.
So one of the dynamics of increasing rates will be to attract more cash onto the platform, all things being equal. So I don't feel that -- look, I think that the regulatory aspects, but I do not all understand it. What I can't know what's going on inside the four walls of some of the firms that have dealt with this. But again, we believe we have a competitive fair product that we offer on a platform that is very fair when you consider all costs that go into it. And I'm comfortable.
So it's hard to answer your question. It's not elementary. It's actually very complex with multiple facets which is what I'm trying to convey here. And I think one of you all wrote something, I read something where experienced management teams know how to do this and know how to manage the businesses. I would like to think we're one of those management teams. We've been doing it a long time, and we've navigated through all kinds of market conditions and changes in the market and have gotten ahead of many of them, and I feel that's what we're targeting.
Bill Katz
Maybe one for Jim. Just in terms of capital priorities, now that the debt is behind you, your Tier 1 leverage ratio and capital ratios are very good, how should we think about maybe the pace of buyback from here? Maybe you could put that in percentage or maybe pay out a free cash flow and/or any priorities between de novo versus inorganic opportunities.
James Marischen
Yeah, so as we mentioned on the call, we have $415 million of excess capital today. So the capacity has increased in terms of our ability to deploy capital in terms of the buyback. That said, the buyback is going to be price dependent, and it will not be linear. Obviously, we've talked a little bit about allocating some capital to bank growth within the loan portfolio. A lot of that can be done with just the capital generated in the bank.
And so we don't have a formulaic process in terms of payouts or in terms of price. We will be opportunistic. And you may see capita increased over time, but we will be active in the buyback at some point in the future.
Operator
Brennan Hawken, UBS.
Brennan Hawken
I'm going to take the same option that all my peers did and have my first question on sweeps. And Ron, though, I got to give you props. Two years ago, we spoke about this, and you actually flagged the risk about sweep and the potential for some risk here. So tip of the cap there first.
But on to my question. Sorry?
Ronald Kruszewski
No, thank you. We did talk about this, I remember, and the only thing I'd add to it is not only did we talk about it, but we put in products to deal with it. But thank you for remembering.
Brennan Hawken
Yeah, yeah, of course. So you had flagged the Smart Rate offering, and certainly that's a compelling offering for your clients as evidenced by the take-up rates that you've seen. But it's my understanding that Smart Rate you know cannot be held in advisory accounts, and it's like a ticketed item sort of like a money market fund. So I'm not really sure I understand how that would address this issue particularly given the fact that excluding the one that we had a press report overnight, they haven't actually made any changes yet, seems to be doing a lesser action the other two wires and moved all advisory to a more compelling rate.
It seems as though there's a distinction drawn between brokerage and advisory, and so therefore, this is really squarely a fiduciary issue. And in an employee model, the firm is a fiduciary. So how is it that you believe that the firm is putting the client's interest above their own and not maybe moving in a similar direction to some of these wires as far as the frictional cash not bothering to draw distinction when you have a fiduciary obligation?
Ronald Kruszewski
Look, you're conflating that fiduciary obligation is the lowest possible cost everywhere. It's reasonable. We have an obligation. We meet that obligation. You can take that to an extreme in terms of fees and everything else. The platform needs to be properly disclosed.
I'm not sure that I have read that all advisory cash has been adjusted. In fact, I've read that a lot of advisory cash is not eligible for the same. That's what I've read, which to me is this reservoir of cash used for operational and transaction, which is how the industry is based anyway. I don't really know how they've done that.
And again, there were press reports last night. suggests a large firm was not doing that. So again, it doesn't really -- I'm only trying to understand the competitive nature of this and making sure that we're competitive. And we are, all right? And that's the thing.
Now as it relates to Smart Rate not an advisory account, that's one of the crazy things about some of these regulatory aspects. Smart Rate should be available, and we would love to offer it in advisory, but there's some arcane rules about that specific rule that prevent us from doing that. So what has happened instead, those move to money, those are in ticketed money funds.
But if we had our choice, we would be offering Smart Rate to our advisory accounts. We just can't, which is sort of ridiculous when we start thinking about our fiduciary obligation, yet we can't offer a great product.
James Marischen
And the ticketed money funds are yielding roughly equivalent of what Smart Rate is. And what's interesting is the balance of ticketed money funds and advisory accounts is almost identical to the balance of advisory sweep cash accounts. So you can see some of that cash is already sorted over there as Ron indicated.
Ronald Kruszewski
Look, these are very -- everyone that's asking questions, everyone, this is the first question. I'm sure it's going to be the first question on every call. I would just encourage you to look at the various aspects of this and understand the platform side, the fiduciary side, the brokerage side, all of which have implications. We have two of those three buckets that we have to deal with. And we feel that we have done so appropriately and competitively.
Brennan Hawken
Great. But I fully appreciate the situation is very fluid, and we're getting data points very frequently. So thanks for providing your perspective on that. Shifting gears a little bit, I think, Jim, you had indicated that expectation for share count in the third quarter will be roughly flat with the end of period at 111 million. Does that mean that we should expect maybe limited buybacks in the third quarter even though the debt is already retired, maybe you want to rebuild cash, or am I misunderstanding?
James Marischen
What we included in our prepared remarks assumes no change in stock price and no additional repurchases. That is not indicating what our plans are for repurchases. We've not said anything specific about what the buyback would look like. That's just to give you an idea of what the number would be absent those two fluctuations. And you could put your assumption in there.
Ronald Kruszewski
Right. Jim gives you the same number he gives me, okay? He said that here's our base now, an increase in the share price will increase our diluted shares outside, decrease and then layer your stock purchases on it. So you can do the same thing that we do, okay? We start with a base of 111 million and the two variables that will impact that base our share repurchases and stock prices.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Chris Allen with Citi.
Chris Allen
Wanted to switch gears a little bit. I think we've talked about deposit rates enough at this point. Maybe if you could talk about the outlook for growth from here. You noted that cash sorting, the impact there is declining. Just wondering if there's any other constraining factors on loan growth from here? I know you've talked about in the past about aligning loans with deposit relationship with clients and kind of what's the appetite for loan growth going forward?
Ronald Kruszewski
I think that, no. I mean we -- I've always said we have tremendous demand for loans. One of the constraining factors has been the foundational basis of funding, which is deposits and cash sorting and our uncertainty with that and the forward yield curve and the inversion of the yield curve. And all of that boiled together, we said -- again, a couple of years ago, say, look, we're going to limit balance sheet growth here until we get a clearer picture of what we do on the asset side is properly -- has the proper foundation and how it's funded on the liability side.
We are getting past that point of being able to see, have some visibility into how we can build the balance sheet in a profitable risk-adjusted way, which is what we always talk about. And I would say today that, yes, we can grow. The constraining factor today, just to answer you, will be, if there is one, is that where the entire industry got into, I think, into a position of sort of running the balance sheet.
If you were lending almost on a spread basis to variety of clients that might be the only relationship that you had was that, and you were doing it because you were washing deposits that you were looking to get build to rent income. We did a little bit of that as well and what -- but not a lot. But the constraining factor now is that we're not just a spread lender, we're a relationship lender. So when we're evaluating what we're putting on our balance sheet, it's going to have a lot more doors in term or, if you will, ability to do other business, whether it's in wealth or treasury or banking and all of those things that are an overall relationship.
So that's just how we talk about it internally, and that's what I would say. But even that has a tremendous amount of ability for us to grow. The opportunities for growth is not a problem at all. It's us getting comfortable with the overall economic environment with which we're growing into.
James Marischen
And when you think of some of those relationships, particularly with venture lending and fund banking, those produce additional deposits, as Ron talked about. Last quarter, those were up probably another $200 million. And the pace of that has picked up already in the third quarter. So we're seeing some of the fruits of the investments we've made there, and that's going to continue to provide another source of liquidity to fund overall balance sheet growth.
Chris Allen
And another one, just on a different topic. Just on FIC trading, any color on the marks during the quarter? And how are you thinking about the environment moving forward? We know credit trading activity slowed down a little bit, but rate trading outlook continues to look pretty robust from here.
Ronald Kruszewski
I think it's -- a lot of our rate's trading is correlated to bank balance sheet, and we see that activity of picking up for the same reasons that I talk about on the asset side of trying to know what the forward environment might look like that allows us to make decisions on the line. Same thing is directly related to what banks are doing in their portfolios and trying to understand how to reposition their portfolios. And the strategies around that, which is what we do.
We advise on that. We help on strategy, we help on interest rate risk, we help on how those portfolios are positioned and stress tests against various things. And what we see is that in 2023, I think a lot of people were very cautious, A, because of the outflow of deposits, uncertainty in the marketplace, and there was not a lot of trading going on, and we see that picking up and that trends expanding absent some big change in the economic environment. But the trend in that business is good.
James Marischen
For sure. But I would highlight, historically, we do typically see a bit of a -- some seasonality in the third quarter. Some slowdown there, and then that's kind of picked back up in the fourth quarter. So as you're thinking of kind of your forward numbers, I would remind you to take that into consideration. And we did have some gains during the quarter that played into some of the results in 2Q as well. But just keep those things in mind as you look forward for the rest of the year.
Ronald Kruszewski
I always count on my CFO to put quarterly parameters on my overall viewpoint of the marketplace.
Operator
Thank you. It appears we have no further questions at this time. Mr. Kruszewski, I will turn the conference back to you for any additional or closing remarks.
Ronald Kruszewski
Well, thank you for pronouncing my name perfectly. And the -- what I would say is we're excited about the remainder of the year where we believe that, as uncertainty come off the table, the markets will continue to improve. We still see exit velocity into 2025. I think we are on our way to both our mid- and long-term milestones that we've talked about. And I look forward to reporting back to you after the third quarter this year. And thank you, everyone, for taking the time to listen to us, and we will sign off. Thank you.
Operator
This concludes today's call. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.